Quick Answer
P0231 means: P0231 indicates a low voltage in the fuel pump secondary circuit.
Can I drive with P0231? Immediate attention is recommended to prevent engine performance issues.
Common Questions
What does P0231 mean and how does it affect my car?
P0231 indicates a low voltage issue in the fuel pump secondary circuit, which can lead to poor engine performance and even stalling. Immediate repairs are essential to maintain driving safety and efficiency.
What are the most common causes of P0231 and how much does it cost to fix?
Common causes include a bad fuel pump relay, corroded wiring, or a failing fuel pump. Repair costs can vary from $50 for relay replacement to $800 for a complete fuel pump replacement.
Can I drive my car with P0231 or should I stop immediately?
While you may be able to drive short distances, it's advisable to address the P0231 code as it can lead to serious engine issues. If you notice significant performance drops, it's best to stop driving.
How can I diagnose P0231 myself using GeekOBD APP?
Using the GeekOBD APP, you can scan for codes, view freeze frame data, and perform live data monitoring to assess fuel pump performance. Look for voltage readings and check for any other related codes.
What vehicles are most commonly affected by P0231?
The P0231 code is frequently seen in models like the 2006-2010 Ford F-150 and the 2007-2011 Chevrolet Silverado, particularly in vehicles with high mileage.
How can I prevent P0231 from happening again?
Regular maintenance checks on your fuel system, including wiring inspections and timely replacement of fuel filters, can help prevent P0231 from reoccurring.
What is P0231?
The diagnostic trouble code P0231 indicates a problem with the fuel pump secondary circuit, specifically that the circuit has a low voltage condition. This often means that the engine may not be receiving the fuel it needs to operate efficiently. When the Engine Control Module (ECM) detects that the voltage in the fuel pump circuit is below the expected level, it triggers this code. The implications of a P0231 code can be significant, as a malfunctioning fuel pump can lead to poor engine performance, reduced fuel economy, and even engine stalling. If not addressed, this issue may result in more severe engine damage. It’s crucial to understand that various factors can cause this low voltage, including a bad fuel pump relay, corroded wiring, or a faulty fuel pump itself. Vehicle owners should take this code seriously and consider it a high-priority issue that requires immediate attention. Addressing the underlying problem can restore proper fuel delivery and engine performance, ensuring a smoother and safer driving experience.
System: P - Powertrain (Engine, Transmission, Emissions)
Symptoms
Common symptoms when P0231 is present:
- Check engine light stays on constantly, indicating a persistent issue that requires diagnostic attention.
- Engine hesitates during acceleration, which can lead to a frustrating driving experience and may reduce overall safety.
- Fuel economy decreased by 10-15%, leading to more frequent trips to the gas station and increased costs.
- Difficulty starting the vehicle, particularly in colder weather or after the vehicle has been sitting for a while.
- Unusual noises coming from the fuel tank, such as whining or buzzing, which may indicate a failing fuel pump.
Possible Causes
Most common causes of P0231 (ordered by frequency):
- Bad fuel pump relay - This is the most common cause, accounting for approximately 40% of P0231 cases. If the relay fails, it can prevent power from reaching the fuel pump.
- Corroded wiring - Corrosion in the wiring can disrupt the electrical flow, which can cause low voltage readings in the circuit.
- Faulty fuel pump - A failing fuel pump may not generate enough pressure or voltage, leading to the P0231 code. Regular maintenance can help prevent this issue.
- Blown fuse - A blown fuse in the fuel pump circuit can also lead to low voltage, but this is less common and usually easy to diagnose.
- ECM issues - Rarely, the engine control module itself may malfunction and misread the circuit's voltage, triggering the P0231 code.
P0231 Repair Costs
Cost Breakdown by Repair Type
Fuel Pump Replacement
Replacing the fuel pump is often necessary if it fails or is unable to provide adequate voltage.
- Total: $300 - $800
- Success rate: 85%
Fuel Pump Relay Replacement
Replacing a faulty fuel pump relay can restore proper function at a lower cost.
- Total: $50 - $150
- Success rate: 90%
Wiring Repair
Repairing corroded or damaged wiring to ensure proper voltage delivery.
- Total: $100 - $300
- Success rate: 80%
Money-Saving Tips for P0231
- Start with the most common and least expensive repairs first
- Use GeekOBD APP to confirm diagnosis before replacing expensive parts
- Consider preventive maintenance to avoid future occurrences
- Compare prices for OEM vs aftermarket parts based on your needs
- Address the issue promptly to prevent more expensive secondary damage
Diagnostic Steps
Professional P0231 Diagnosis Process
Follow these systematic steps to accurately diagnose P0231. Each step builds on the previous one to ensure accurate diagnosis.
Step 1: Step 1: Initial visual inspection - Check for obvious signs like damaged wiring, loose connections, or corrosion, which may take around 5-10 minutes
Step 1: Initial visual inspection - Check for obvious signs like damaged wiring, loose connections, or corrosion, which may take around 5-10 minutes.
Step 2: Step 2: OBD2 scan with GeekOBD APP - Use the app to retrieve all codes and freeze frame data to understand the fault context, which could take 10-15 minutes
Step 2: OBD2 scan with GeekOBD APP - Use the app to retrieve all codes and freeze frame data to understand the fault context, which could take 10-15 minutes.
Step 3: Step 3: Component testing - Utilize a multimeter or specific diagnostic tools to test the fuel pump relay and wiring for continuity, taking approximately 20-30 minutes
Step 3: Component testing - Utilize a multimeter or specific diagnostic tools to test the fuel pump relay and wiring for continuity, taking approximately 20-30 minutes.
Step 4: Step 4: System function test - After repairs, verify the operation of the fuel pump and clear codes to ensure the issue is resolved, which may take 10-15 minutes
Step 4: System function test - After repairs, verify the operation of the fuel pump and clear codes to ensure the issue is resolved, which may take 10-15 minutes.
Step 5: Step 5: Road test verification - Drive the vehicle under various conditions to confirm repair success and check for recurring symptoms, lasting around 15-20 minutes
Step 5: Road test verification - Drive the vehicle under various conditions to confirm repair success and check for recurring symptoms, lasting around 15-20 minutes.
Important Notes
- Always verify the repair with GeekOBD APP after completing diagnostic steps
- Clear codes and test drive to ensure the problem is resolved
- Address underlying causes to prevent code recurrence
Real Repair Case Studies
Case Study 1: 2010 Ford F-150 Fuel Pump Relay Replacement
Vehicle: 2010 Ford F-150, 85,000 miles
Problem: Customer reported a check engine light and engine stalling.
Diagnosis: Used the GeekOBD APP to retrieve P0231 and confirmed a faulty fuel pump relay.
Solution: Replaced the fuel pump relay, cleared the codes, and verified functionality.
Cost: $120 (relay + labor)
Result: Engine performance returned to normal, and no further issues were reported.
Case Study 2: 2009 Chevrolet Silverado Fuel Pump Replacement
Vehicle: 2009 Chevrolet Silverado, 100,000 miles
Problem: Customer experienced poor acceleration and reduced fuel economy.
Diagnosis: Found P0231 after scanning with GeekOBD APP; further testing showed a failing fuel pump.
Solution: Replaced the fuel pump and filter, recalibrated the system.
Cost: $650 (pump + filter + labor)
Result: Improved fuel efficiency and acceleration; customer satisfied with the repair.